The disorders of the immune system are caused due to the absence of a part of the immune system or improper functioning of the immune system. The immune deficiency disorders can be categorized into two major types. They are primary immune deficiency disorders and the acquired immune deficiency disorders.

The primary disorders can be further subdivided into IgA deficiency, severe combined immunodeficiency, DiGeorge syndrome, and Chediak-Higashi syndrome. IgA deficiency immune deficiency disorders are caused by the lack of production of the IgA antibodies. IgA is an immunoglobulin that is present in the saliva and other body fluids to guard the entrances to the body. These immune deficiency disorders would cause allergies in some persons.

People would get more colds and other respiratory infections due to these disorders. Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is one of the serious immune deficiency disorders which causes lack of B and T lymphocytes in the body and make it impossible for the immune system to fight against any infections.A Thymus gland is where the T lymphocytes mature. There are some children who are born without a thymus gland. This condition is called DiGeorge syndrome (thymic dysplasia) which is one of the primary immune deficiency disorders. Chediak-Higashi syndrome involves an inability of the neutrophils to function normally. This is also one of the primary immune deficiency disorders.

The acquired immune deficiency disorders are caused due to a disease that can be the result of malnutrition or other medical problems. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) which causes the immune system to be destroyed slowly and steadily. This virus wipes out the T-helper cells which are needed to defend the body. Newborns may acquire such immune deficiency disorders while in mothers uterus and during breastfeeding. HIV infection is possible through unprotected sexual intercourse with an infected person. Sharing contaminated needles would also contract this virus.

 

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